Identifying and explaining "foreign policy behavior" is a way to understand the practical issues in interNational relations. Therefore, this study aims to provide a new expression of why and how to change the behavior of the Iranian foreign policy toward Israel in historical intervals of 1948-1951 and 1951-1953, by searching first-hand sources, within the framework of the theory of "foreign policy Role” . "Mohammadsaed Maraghei" administration recognized Israel on a de facto basis in 1949, but Mohammad Mossadegh closed the Iranian consulate in Jerusalem in 1951. The main research question is why this change in behavior happened? Based on the main hypothesis of the Role theory, foreign policy behavior of the government arises from "concepts of policy makers' National Role" and variations of those concepts led to behavior changes in foreign policy. The hypothesis of this study is also affected by the above-mentioned assumptions, the change of Iran's behavior in the face of Israel was caused by the change of concepts of Iranian policy makers' National Role. For research hypotheses, the sequence of historical events which formed the concepts of Iranian policy makers' National Role toward Israel, has been examined by using the "tracking process".

From the Beginning of the 21st century, Japan is passing through a transformative period in which it is processing a new National Role Conception. The change in Japanese foreign policy demonstrates itself implicitly in Japan’ s interNational peacekeeping acts and the appending new legislation exerting the functional limitaions on its armed forces. The purpose of the present study is to find a Conception of the National Role that best describes the goals and principles of Japanese foreign policy. The fundamental question of the article would be what is the main reason of the change in Japan’ s foreign policy principles? In continue, the major theory of the study would be following the path dependency has increased the changes in Japan’ s foreign policy principles and the resulting behavioural effects have pushed Japan towards an interNationalist method. The conclusions of this research indicates that Japan is now facing with ambiguity in its foreign policy and it has to select between an intrinsic foreign policy character together with a heavy dependence on the USA or interNationalist principles as a peacekeeping state with a normalized defence policies. Finally, the descriptive and analytic method has been used in this study.

The theory of National Role Conception can be considered as an effective theoretical framework for explaining foreign policy of countries. Analysts in foreign policy assessment of countries have consistently sacrificed theoretical insights of domestic or interNational domains, with respect to one of them. The dynamics in the domestic, regional and interNational environment are the most powerful drivers in guiding of foreign policy of the countries, for this reason, in this paper; we use the theory of National Role Conception and attempt to integrate the determinative elements of Turkish foreign policy from 2002 to 2016 into a more systematic framework. The question of this study is despite the rule of the AKP during this period in Turkish political system, what factors contributed to the development of Turkish foreign policy from 2002 to 2016? The hypothesis that has been tested in this article is that domestic, regional and interNational dynamics have been the most important drivers of Turkish foreign policy, which have been studied in the framework of the theory of National Role Conception. The findings of this study indicate that the theory of National Role Conception can be a more useful framework for evaluating Turkish foreign policy in comparison with other theoretical frameworks.

This text is an attempt to show some motifs in saqqa - talars' paintings, that have important Role in Iranian identity. This paper describes a type of traditional architecture of Northern Iran, which the author believes to have originated from ancient Iranian culture.I find that this construction is mostly made of wood and is called "saqqatalar" to natives. "Saqqa" means one who gives water to others. On the other hands, all Saqqa - talars are devoted to Abolfazl, the valorous brother of Imam Hossein, the third Shiite Islamic leader. The motifs are signs directly or indirectly related to water, such as serpants, dragons, horned serpentdragons, the two guardian angles of water and greenery (Khordad and Mordad), the king of rain among others. These are dichotomized based on varieties of forms and content:a: Religious designsb: Secular designsProphets, Imams, myths and epics, folklore and legends, ancient Farsi literary texts, astrology and constellations, fantastic creations and geometrical motifs are most decorative motive. Calligraphy also plays a very important Role in defining the identity of Saqqa-talars. I attempt to show how this motifs can identify Iranian art and folklore specially in Mazandaran. In this study, Tools analysing motives are based on the concepts, myths, epics and religious symbols. Studying this decorative painting, can assist us to become more aware of reality, identity and content of motifs and the Roles played in history art of Qajar period in Mazandaran.

In this paper I return to the familiar territory of the Lord-Bondsman "dialectic" in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit in order to raise the question of the relation of Hegel's use of the theme of recognition there to Fichte's. Fichte had introduced the notion of recognition in his Foundations of Natural Right, to "deduce" the social existence of humans within relations of mutual recognition as a necessary condition of their very self-consciousness. However, there it also functioned as part of a solution to a problem within the work on which the theory of rights was meant to be based, the earlier Foundation of the Complete Wissenschaftslehre of 1794-5. In Hegel's classic account in chapter 4 of the Phenomenology we find recognition offered as a solution to a problem within an account of "self-consciousness" that has a number of clearly Fichtean features. But I suggest that to the degree that the lord-bondsman episode there expresses any "theory of recognition", it is not Hegel’s own theory but rather his interpretation of Fichte's, a theory of which he is critical. Freed from this misleading assumption that the "lord-bondsman dialectic" represents something deep about Hegel's own philosophy, we might then be more able to get clearer about Hegel's actual views about recognition and the Role it plays in his own philosophy.

Nature has aesthetics of its own, what can provoke the human mind into better recognizing the concept of beauty via mental perception. As such, human mind can interact with the nonverbal expressions of nature only to better his/her primitive aesthetic knowledge and reach a more novel recognition of aestheticism via the practice of interpretative deduction. This article has been the result of a series of discussions and dialogues between the authors on the nature of aesthetic geotouring and exploring the natural phenomena based on the Dialectical Method of Socrates and modelled after the Platonic dialogues. The outcome of this dialectic study brings to light the fact that touring in nature through providing the due opportunity for mental perception of aesthetic phenomena can provide a clearer definition of ‘beauty’ in its rich variety. Aesthetic search as such will culminate in forming a more illuminated mental concept of beauty in mind, what can influence human rationale for aesthetic judgment and enrich even more the texture of human aesthetic creation. Such aesthetico-interpretative endeavor might lead to a higher potential for creating more original works of literature and art and culminate in a better judgment about such aesthetic creations.

The present research aims at providing a model for the meaning of life in the light of Conception of God, taking into consideration religious commitment and discovery. The sample included 581 students from Azad Islamic and public universities of Birjand City who were chosen through multi-stage cluster sampling and completed the questionnaires on religious identity, Conception of God and meaning of life. A structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data. The research finding is that foreclosure and acquired religious identity intermediate the relationship between the Conception of belonging and presence of meaning in life. Furthermore, the confused religious identity mediates between control dimension and the presence of meaning in life. The model shows that control dimension has a direct negative effect and the Conception of belonging has direct positive effect on the search for the meaning, and dimension of kindness has only direct positive effect on the presence of meaning in life. The research finding also confirms that the bases of religious identity only predict the presence of meaning in life and kindness has no Role in predicting the bases of individuals’ identity.

The verse 120 of Baqarah is counted among most complicated ones by commentators. Among points of disagreements in the verse, the place of Babel, descending of Harut and Marut, manner of using magic and meaning of Satan are considerable. It should be stated that the word Babel, mentioned only one time in the Quran, may be regarded as a key for the ambiguities to be clear and understandable. Relying on people`s concern to magic as main subject in the verse, the paper seeks to find events of the city and its end to arrive in an appropriate mental state for studying its effects on commenting the verse. The effects have been brought into consideration from two modes: at first, explaining fate of those using magic, the author studies relations between magic and following events and, then, seeks to present a solution for the disagreements.